“Literature survey on biodiversity monitoring protocols used across countries “

This first-phase report analyzes strategies for optimal harmonisation of transnational monitoring protocols, focusing on information workflows and governance. It considers the geographical levels of data collection (local to global) and their transformation for decision-making (raw data, EBVs, indicators).

A literature survey of pan-European monitoring programs, informed by the EuropaBON project, stakeholder consultations, and internal Biodiversa+ expertise, highlights diverse approaches and their rationale. Fourteen case studies reveal distinct strategies, particularly regarding protocols and data management. Three main strategies for generating transnational trends and indices emerged:

  • Applying a single, strict protocol and aggregating raw data;
  • Applying different national protocols, generating local EBVs/indicators for transnational aggregation;
  • Using a flexible protocol adapted to each country, with both local and transnational data processing.

These strategies depend on international cooperation and national resources (budget, expert/volunteer networks).